Black Sea National University named Petro Mohyla

International non-governmental organizations

Content
international relation association governmental
Introduce
1. International non-governmental organizations
2. The main activities of INGOs
3. INGOs and Global Governance
Conclusion
References

Introduce

It is states that always play a very crucial role in the study of international relations. The study of international relations has been concerned primarily with struggles for power, wars, and the efforts of states to gain best national interest that began in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia. That tradition is continued by Realism or Structural Realism. However, a variety of other state actors are increasingly involved in the decisive issues of world politics. Therefore, there are some debates in the field of international relations. Over the past three decades or so. more and more scholars suggest the important roles of state actors. States are not only losing autonomy in a globalizing economy, but also sharing powers - including political, social, and security roles at the core of sovereignty - with business, international organizations, and a multinide of citizens groups, known as nongovernmental organizations. This results from the declining role of states, the increased emphasis  private sector initiatives and the emergence of civil society. This dynamic shift among states, private sectors, and civil society has brought about a new set of issues, challenges and opportunities for a tremendous amount of NGOs. NGOs have risen to greater prominence in almost every region of the world. Most NGOs,  which consist of nonofficial groups in different countries have come together to promote common interests through international actions. Today, NGOs deliver a lot of human development assistance. If current trends continue, the international system will become profoundly different in the future. Therefore, to comprehend roles of NGOs in international relations is very important and significant.
This chapter proceeds as follows: giving a general introduction of NGOs, including definitions and functions of NGOs, and discussing their roles in theory and practice in the field of international relations.

1. International non-governmental organizations

International non-governmental organization - a form of association members of the public around the world connected by one internal purpose, with the spirit and principles of the UN Charter and the norms of international rights not pursuing their activities in a profit and commercial purposes, which operates in more than two states.
The formal attributes of INGOs (organizations, associations, foundations, traffic, institution, union, etc.) are independent of the government, the democratic principles and clearly defined program of action, far from politics and violence. In contrast to the inter-state, non-governmental organization is not established on the basis of an agreement between the states and are by combining the physical and / or legal persons whose activities performed outside the official foreign policy of states. Actually INGOs created on the basis of constituent documents registered in accordance with the national law of one state, but in a strictly the legal framework for the work of international NGOs is governed by the rules international law, which is achieved through the provision of advisory status by the United Nations.
Non-governmental organizations in its modern form originated in another XIX century, but significant political influence they have acquired only in the last half a century. The term "non-governmental organization" came into international legal lexicon during the creation of the Charter of the United Nations 1945 due to the inclusion of Article 71 in it - a radical innovation at the time, allowed NGOs to legally participate in international relations and inter-state diplomacy.
Since then, the number of international NGOs has steadily increased, especially the rapid growth of non-governmental organizations, such as stress researchers question was in the country with an effective system of public administration and development of democratic institutions. In general, if in 1850 the world there were only 5 companies of this type, in 1914 - 330, in 1939 - 730, in 1970 - 2300, and in 2000 there were an estimated 45,674 international non-governmental organizations. In the last decade, the quantitative growth of INGOs is particularly noticeable: every year in the world there are hundreds of non-governmental organizations.

2. The main activities of INGOs

International non-governmental organizations operate on all five inhabited continents Earth, where their headquarters are located mainly in the developed countries of the North (About 90% of the total, "Amnesty International" - in London The International Committee of the Red Cross - in Geneva, "Oxfam" - in Oxford "Greenpeace" - in Amsterdam, etc.). Most notable in the area of global controls are non-governmental organizations, humanitarian, economic and a human rights focus. Various humanitarian organizations have been around for centuries. Traditionally, the beginning of an era of international non-governmental organizations decided to count from the time of inception in the 60s of the XIX century International Committee of the Red Cross. It was the Red Cross has made a decisive contribution to the rules of conduct in the fighting, which is still in effect.
Moreover, the Red Cross was, in fact, the first recognizable brand non-governmental organizations, one of the most recognizable symbols of the deep and respect for human rights to life and gave impetus to the establishment of humanitarian law as independent legal industry. On the battlefields of numerous wars XIX-XXI centuries, the Red Cross has become almost the only sign of confidence organizations and people, saving lives. Humanitarian non-governmental organizations operate in multiple directions. In the first place, these structures provide humanitarian assistance and support of refugees and victims of war and natural disasters. Broad known, for example, have received humanitarian action INGOs during the conflict in Rwanda in 1994, when their activists just days pitched camp 750,000 refugees. At the beginning of the XXI century humanitarian INGOs working in almost all the hot spots of the world. An important area of work is the provision of information, the international community about the situation in the regions of civilian conflict and the accommodation of refugees, as well as security war-affected populations (for example, by mine clearing).
The most significant international event recently in which participated humanitarian INGOs, has initiated a number of major non-governmental organizations, the International Campaign to Ban anti-personnel mines, which saved millions of lives in different parts of planet. Activists humanitarian INGOs help to return to civilian life to survivors of armed conflict, and act as intermediaries between yesterday's enemies, monitor elections, promote the formation of civil society in post-conflict regions, etc.
Much attention is paid to the work of humanitarian INGOs and Address charity, which is usually allocated to the needs of the people experiencing physical and emotional suffering and financial difficulties. In Depending on the situation, it might be food items first necessary, clothing, medicine, shelter and more necessary for life support. In addition to financial support, many organizations implement programs of social adaptation and delivery psychological help. The most common sites of targeted assistance humanitarian INGOs - the disabled, children, the elderly and refugees (as well as former refugees).

Conclusion
To anyone who has read this far it is obvious that the accomplishments of NGOs have been greater than is usually realized. To ignore the roles of NGOs in international relations is to miss the most encouraging and constructive aspect of international affairs. Although NGOs may never become as powerful as national governments, and they may never become preoccupied with as many diverse issues as governments do their attempts to move toward goals are salient enough features of the world scene to shape the course of events and cause governments to interest them. Thus, we cannot take our eyes off the roles of NGOs in international relations.

References
1.  Барановский В.Г. Международные организации как механизмы регулирования международных отношений // Современные международные отношения. М., 1999. С. 121–122.
2.  Как NGO «помогают» в гуманитарных кризисах. URL: http://vif2ne.ru:2020/vstrecha/forum/arhprint/6107
3. Мысин С.В. Анализ зарубежного законодательства о деятельности некоммерческих организаций // Закон и право. № 6. 2012. С. 109–111.
5. Forum for a New World Governance. URL:
http://www.worldgovernance.org/spip.php?rubrique/.
6. Heins V. Nongovernmental Organizations in International Society: Struggles over Recognition. New York, 2008.
7. The International Republican Institute. Message from the President. URL:
http://www.iri.org/learn-more-about-iri-0.
8. Jhamtani H. The Imperialism of Northern NGO// Earth Island Journal. 7. No 3. 1996. P. 10–11.
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