DARK TOURISM: CHERNOBYL ZONE

Introduction. Dark tourism plays an important role in development of the economy and tourism industry of Ukraine. This type of tourism has everything prospects for existence and further deep development and scientific study. Dark tourism helps humanity to realize the scale of disasters through fate thousands of people - its participants, witnesses and victims, makes people recognize the need reconciliation between man, science and technology. Despite consequences of the terrible catastrophe, Chernobyl is a tourist card, radioactive pearl of Ukraine. This paper examines the history of Chernobyl tourism as an innovative tourist service.
Objectives. The main task is to to study the prospects for development Chernobyl exclusion zone as a center of man-made disaster tourism in Ukraine.
Methods. Dark tourism is a combination of cognitive and extreme types of tourism, involves visiting places and attractions, historically associated with death and tragedy, destruction, natural disasters, and as well as places associated with mysticism [1, p.198].
The motivation of consumers of dark tourism is due to the following reasons: getting new impressions and emotions; the desire to glorify the memory of the dead; research of new tourist destinations; interest in new objects; morbid tourism; sense of patriotism; overcoming childhood fears; mysticism; search for thrills. 
The main specific characteristics of dark tourism are [1, р. 199]:
•	limited popularity (dark tours are in demand only in a limited number of people who have specific interests, related whith death or tragedy);
•	restrictions on laws, traditions, norms of morality and mentality (tourists have to visit other countries since certain actions that fill the essence of dark tourism are prohibited in their countries);
•	limited geographical nature (certain objects of dark tourism are only in one or more places on the planet). 
Disaster tourism focuses on people who enjoy traveling on places of natural disasters and places brought by mankind to emergencies. In tourism disasters are: natural disasters; man-made disasters; disaster due to human negligence. Disaster tours are called «disater tour».
Today Ukraine occupies a special place in the ranking among other countries of dark tourism, because it has gone through catastrophic moments and has that to present to the world. Ukraine is developing varieties of dark tourism.
In April 1986 at the Chernobyl was the largest in history nuclear power accident. The reactor of the fourth power unit exploded, radioactive particles of iodine, strontium and cesium spread to the northern part of Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, the Baltics, Poland, Sweden, Finland and other countries. The Chernobyl disaster caused great human casualties, Chernobyl became a symbol of nuclear danger on a global scale [2, p. 561].
The Chеrnobyl exclusion zone was possible to visit after a man-made disaster, but only illegally. These were mostly small groups of extreme travelers and explorers. After the release in 2007- 2009 computer game «S.T.A.L.K.E.R» of the Ukrainian company Game World the second period of the wave of illegal immigrants seeking to enter the area have began. There has been also a third wave of videos about visiting this zone.
The results of this study showed that the total number of countries from which tourists come to Chernobyl is more than one hundred and thirty. Among them are Singapore, Chile, Mexico, Japan and others. During 2018-2019 many steps were taken to improve the quality of Chernobyl services. Increasing the tourist attractiveness of the exclusion zone is an urgent task for government agencies and enterprises operating directly in the region. Great role in the promotion of dark tourism at the individual level tourist facilities play information, media and infrastructure software [3].
It is investigated that tour operators offer both one-day and multi-day programs trips that are designed to allow you to absorb longer the privilege of nature and the beauty of the landscapes of the zone, get acquainted with the objects of the nuclear power plant, in the process of moving on the ground to undergo practical training on radiation, radiation pollution and radiation survival, get to know everyone historically important buildings of Pripyat, learn more about ancient city of Chernobyl, to communicate with self-settled in several settlements points, learn more about their way of life when visiting an amateur museum folk life of Chernobyl.
The price of the tour depends on the length of the trip, which includes accommodation in hotels in Chernobyl, author's support of liquidators of the accident and specially trained guides, radiation survival training, insurance, transfer, viewing a selection of documentaries, route maps, personal certificates. 
Conclusion. Chernobyl tourism today is an indisputable fact that needs to be turned into a positive factor in promoting the world's interest in Ukraine. Improving tourism potential Chernobyl is one of the main priorities in the development of the exclusion zone and the corresponding steps on the part of each of stakeholders should be as effective as possible.
References:
1.	Foley, M., Lennon, J. (1996). JFK and dark tourism: A fascination with assassination. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 4 (2), 198-211. doi: 10.1080/13527259608722175
2.	Переверзєв, С. (2013). Чорнобиль. Енциклопедія історії України. Київ: Наук. думка. 
3.	Українське національне інформаційне агентство «Укрінформ». (2022). Retrieved from: https://www.ukrinform.ua/ 

(рекомендовано до друку доц. Касянчук М, доц. Штохман Л.) - тут впишіть прізвище свої викладачів